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This Silence weighs exactly 441lb empty.
With me in the cockpit and 11 Imp gal of fuel (standard 92 oct car
fuel), it weighs 683lb: even with full tanks I would still be below
the maximum permitted 750lb. The centre of gravity is in the forward
range. For take-off, I turn the flaps knob to 10° and set the
trim to neutral. After pushing the throttle forwards until I reach
1cm behind the front stop (because of the resonance problem mentioned
earlier, the engine starts coughing with more throttle), I accelerate
quickly with the stick held slightly forward. As soon as the tailwheel
lifts off, I need a small amount of left rudder to compensate for
the propeller torque. At 43kts it lifts off, and I let it accelerate
to 60kts before starting to climb. At a safe height I retract the
undercarriage, set the flaps to 0° and switch the second fuel
pump off. In this clean configuration, I find the best climb rate
at 65kts, and although the engine performance is not fully available
it climbs at about 790ft/min. With the engine problem solved, I
expect the aircraft to climb in excess of 1,000ft/min. The heavier
prototype with the 65hp engine which I flew in the spring climbed
at nearly 1,180ft/min. Trimmed to the best climb speed of 65kts,
only a small amount of left rudder is needed to keep it flying straight.
On reaching 2,500ft, the engine's three minutes of permitted full
power operation have passed and the cooling liquid temperature comes
close to its maximum. I reduce the power to the maximum continuous
setting of 7,100rpm and continue climbing at 70kts, with the result
that the temperatures remain in the green arc.
During cruise flight, this rpm limit is already
reached at 86kt with the current Helix propeller. The prototype,
equipped with the Silence-developed three-blade variable pitch propeller,
reaches more than 108kts with no problems. In this aircraft, and
probably also the Mid West-powered ones equipped with the new propeller,
the 17.6 Imp gal of fuel makes possible 620-mile flights at a cruise
speed of around 100kts.
I am particularly impressed with the handling of this little aircraft.
The control forces remain very low, though positive, for just about
the whole speed range. The Vne of the 'Experimental' version is
calculated as 162kts, though it is only 140kts for the microlight
version due to the limited operating speed of the BRS. The sensitivity
of the Silence gives the impression of flying a fully-aerobatic
aircraft, and trimmed to cruise speed it flies beautifully stable
in the 'hands off' position. However, if the right fuel tank is
empty and the left one full, a small amount of aileron deflection
is needed to keep the wings level. These excellent general handling
characteristics are further supported by the excellent view through
the big canopy and the good fresh air supply through the nozzles
in the front cockpit frame. Cabin heating is also installed, though
in the current warm weather I feel disinclined to test its efficiency.
The only thing I miss is a small 'direct-vision' panel in the canopy
I once experienced outside cabin icing when descending with a cold
glider through an inversion layer into warm, humid air, and opening
this window then saved me from being 'blind' and lost... How does
such an elliptic, fully-symmetric wing behave when it is stalled?
I was quite astonished at the gentleness of
the stall. With the engine running at idle and the flaps at 0°,
the Silence's controls start feeling soft at 43kts: at 40kts the
stall starts buffeting and speed increases to 43kts again in the
staggering stall, where it can be held by using the rudder. With
the elevator further back, staggering increases and I start feeling
as if I am sitting on a wild horse, though I can still prevent it
from departing into spin with the rudder. I think this effect is
caused by the turbulence separating behind the wingroot (which was
probably stronger than usual due to the uncovered retracted wheels
underneath the wing) hitting the tail. With its forward C of G position,
the Silence starts dropping the nose, but immediately the airflow
comes back to the tailplane, the game starts again.
Setting the flaps results in the same behaviour,
with the minimum indicated speed decreasing by about 2kts per 10°
of flaps set. With full throttle, the indicated speeds are again
1kt lower. The ASI of this aircraft had not yet been calibrated
and seems to over-indicate slightly with the prototype, a calibrated
airspeed of 35kts at 750lb AUW has been demonstrated during the
certification. When I flew this prototype with an aft C of G and
the wheel covers fitted, the staggering was less pronounced. It
did try to drop a wing, although the incipient spin could be stopped
immediately by relaxing the stick and applying opposite rudder.
The Silence shows excellent control harmony. With the engine running
at idle and trimmed to 70kts, it raises the nose and starts climbing
at 65kts once the throttle is opened fully. Setting the flaps (below
65kts) to different positions does not really influence the trimmed
speed. Its roll rate is impressive: when full rudder and aileron
are applied, even at the slow speed of 59kts it rolls from 45°
to 45° bank within 1.5 seconds without sideslipping. This roll
rate is practically aerobatic, and care has to be taken not to stall
the lower wing when applying full aileron and not enough rudder
against the rolling direction. But even in such a situation the
Silence is straightforward a kick into the rudder against the rotation
direction stops the initial snap roll immediately.
The manoeuvring speed, up to which full control
deflections are permitted, is 97kts, and the maximum allowed speed
to fly through stronger gusts is 119 kts, clearly above cruising
speed. Compared to other fast microlights, in which you should cut
your flying speed considerably when flying on a day with strong
thermals, this gives a good margin of safety. Of course, these flying
characteristics may tempt some to try a few aerobatics. However,
the rules of the microlight category set clear limits aerobatic
are generally prohibited in these aircraft. Anyone with ambitions
in the direction of aerobatics could always buy the strengthened
kit Silence Aircraft offers. If the builder completes it at home
and certifies it as an aerobatic aircraft in the 'Experimental'
category, there are no limits to gambolling around the sky (and
probably outclassing the Tipsy Nippers and RF-4s you can hardly
ever find in the second-hand market...).
The electric flap drive acts rapidly. Within three seconds the flaps
reach their maximum of 30°: the undercarriage needs 7.5 seconds
for retraction and 9 seconds for extension. The maximum speed in
landing configuration with the flaps set to 30° is limited to
65kts. Under calm weather conditions, I find an approach speed of
56kts comfortable and perfectly safe. Before landing, I switch the
second fuel pump on again. The flaps are effective, and with the
engine running at idle it is easy to control the glidepath. Sideslipping
is very easy and effective, permitting very steep approaches and
further improving the pilot's (already good) view of the runway
it also feels as if it's the right way to land an aircraft resembling
a Spitfire!
Provided you stopped sideslipping after holding the Silence off
until the nose was at the correct attitude, and that you centralised
the rudder before the wheels touched the ground in a proper three-point
attitude, the Silence will land gently. If you do not follow the
advice given above, it will 'dance'
a little on the runway, due to the un-damped,
but sufficiently sprung undercarriage. Even a strong or gusty crosswind
causes no problems, though some taildragger experience is useful
to produce a good landing on a concrete runway (and to keep the
aircraft there afterwards!) For new Silence pilots, I would recommend
making your first few landings on a more forgiving grass strip.
The rudder has to be used carefully during the ground run the separate
toe-operated hydraulic disc brakes are easy to use and quite powerful.
As the main undercarriage is well in front of the C of G, the risk
of nosing over is relatively low.
As a single seater of the upper microlight
class, the Silence is not for everyone, and it does require the
pilot to have a certain level of taildragger experience. Flying
it is enormous fun as it offers a high level of performance combined
with excellent safety features. The Mid West 'Harrier' single disc
rotary engine suits its slim appearance, though it consumes a relatively
large amount of fuel and is not the smoothest of engines, particularly
at low rpm. With this in mind, Silence Aircraft is considering equipping
the aircraft with the 75hp Walther Minor IIIB air-cooled in-line
four cylinder engine. Used as a microlight, the Silence's operational
range is fairly limited by the definition of this aircraft category
however strengthened versions certified in the 'Experimental' category,
built at home from a pre-fabricated kit, may be used for aerobatics
and show the full range of this design's abilities. The great interest
that these first 'little Spitfires' attracted whenever they appeared
demonstrates clearly that a large market is out there waiting for
the Silence!
On reaching 2,500ft, the engine's three
minutes of permitted full power operation up to 7,750rpm have passed,
and the cooling liquid temperature comes close to its maximum. Reducing
the power setting to the permanently permitted 7,100rpm and continuing
climbing at 70kts results in the temperatures staying in the green
arc.Right Straight from the box the kit is well-produced and has
the benefit of considerable prefabrication.
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| Statistics and Contacts |
Dimensions |
| Length |
20ft 3in |
6.18m |
| Height |
5ft
1in |
1.55m |
| Wingspan |
24ft
7in |
7.5m |
| Wing
Area |
93.8
sq ft |
8.71m² |
Weights and Loadings |
| Empty
weight |
441lb |
200kg |
| Max
AUW |
750lb |
340kg |
| Useful
load |
309lb |
140kg |
| Wing
loading |
8lb/sq
ft |
39
kg/m2 |
| Power
loading |
15
lb/hp |
9.12kg/kW |
| Fuel
capacity |
17.6
Imp gal |
80
lit |
Performance |
| Vne |
140
knots |
260km/h |
| Cruise |
108
knots |
200km/h
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| Stall
|
35
knots |
65km/h
|
| Climb
rate |
1000ft/min |
5
m/sec |
Engine
Mid-West AE 50 'Harrier' Single-Disc Rotary Engine with
dual ignition, fuel injection and reduction gear, producing
50hp/ (37.3kW) at the propeller shaft at 7,500 engine
rpm (2,325 propeller rpm)
Propeller
'Silence' three-blade electrically adjustable variable
pitch composite propeller (a 2-blade fixed pitch Helix
propeller was fitted to the test aircraft)
Manufacturer
Silence Aircraft
Kapellenweg 54a
D - 33415 Verl/Germany
Phone: 5246-702845 Fax: 5246-703746
Internet: www.silence-aircraft.de e-mail: info@silence-aircraft.de
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January
2 0 0 3
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This article appeared in the January
2003 issue of Today's Pilot.
Tel: +44(0)1780 480404
Fax: +44 (0)1780 757812
email: orders@keypublishing.com
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