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As soon as we were clear of the formation
Jenx passed control back to me and in a steady descent we crossed
back over the beach and dropped down to 250ft AGL with the speed
steady at 420 knots for the low-level part of the sortie. With a
ground speed of seven nautical miles a minute I have to admit that
I was very quickly totally lost as we trailed our thunderous wake
across the Yorkshire Moors. With the calm confidence that comes
with being a fast jet attack pilot for 20 years, Jenx gently talked
me through this, and indeed every portion of the flight. Even when
I did a rather clumsy 'yank and bank' instead of the tight turn
that I intended, his demeanour remained unperturbed. Unlike mine!
As if in admonishment, the G-suit gave me a powerful squeeze as
the 'G' came on, but I doubt if Jenx even blinked. But then, as
all turns are flown at four G his tolerance to G is undoubtedly
much higher than mine! Zipping along a few hundred feet above the
ground at seven miles a minute great fun! So what's next?
"Let's ease up to ten K or so for a few aeros," said Jenx.
Obediently I drew the stick back towards me, the nose slanted upwards
to 30 and the ground simply fell away as the Harrier rocketed
skyward at 5,000ft a minute. Upon levelling out at 10,000 feet,
the first item on the agenda was a few rolls.
It never ceases to amaze me how easy rolls
are in fast jets, particularly when compared to relatively low-powered
propeller-driven aircraft. Simply sweep the stick over to the left
and whooosh, round you go. A roll to the right was just as easy
(no torque or precession to worry about with a jet). With my confidence
building by the minute, I swept the Harrier up and around in a giant
loop which like the two rolls I was more than happy with. Emboldened
by much success thus far, I then elected to try a half-Cuban. Initially
all went well, until as I rolled inverted, Jenx called "pitch"...
I was instantly confused. Did he mean 'push' or 'pull'? My confusion
and subsequent hesitation meant that this ended up being a far from
tidy manoeuvre! Two aviators confused by a common language! (Back
on the ground I learnt that 'pitch' for Jenx is 'pull' for me).
All the while, the fuel totaliser had continued its ceaseless and
relentless march towards 1,000lb, which was the amount that we were
supposed to have left when we landed. As much as I was enjoying
the aeros and the low-level flying, I was really keen to try my
hand at hovering the beast and hopefully flying a few circuits as
well. When Jenx asked what I wanted to do next, he already knew
my answer.
With such a phenomenal speed at our disposal we were soon racing
back towards the circuit at Wittering. As we slipped into the circuit
at 1,000 feet, Jenx extended the undercarriage and flaps and took
control of the throttle and nozzles while leaving the stick and
rudder with me. With the airspeed numbers in the HUD steady at 170
knots on the downwind leg, I tried to keep about eight degrees of
alpha while bringing the Harrier around in the same type of curving
approach that I'd use in a sailplane and aimed the jet towards the
runway numbers. Obviously, as the Harrier transitions from purely
wing-borne flight, airspeed becomes less important than the throttle
and nozzle settings. Consequently, the approach is flown by holding
between eight and ten degrees of alpha while keeping the 'velocity
vector' (a symbol in the HUD which shows where the aircraft will
actually go) on the runway numbers.
As the ground rushed up to meet us, I instinctively
started to ease the stick back to 'sweeten' our arrival, but was
dissuaded by Jenx's firm voice over the intercom. "Don't try
and hold off Dave, just present the undercarriage to the ground!"
"Oh well" I thought to myself, "best do as I'm told!"
On Jenx's prompting I raised the nose slightly at the last second,
but the landing was still very much 'flown on' in the style of landing
on a conventional aircraft carrier. (During the de-brief Jenx explained
that a smooth landing is actually undesirable. If the main undercarriage
strut is not compressed at touchdown the outriggers are not touching
the ground. Consequently the jet can teeter from side-to-side like
a bicycle on training wheels.)
With a thump and a squeal (from the tyres,
not me) we arrived on the runway just past the numbers at 120 knots.
Out of the corner of my eye I saw the nozzle lever flick forward,
closely followed by the throttle lever. The engine roared and the
G pushed me back in the seat as we raced back down the runway and
up into the air, before swinging around and back onto the downwind
leg. "OK Dave," came Jenx's confident, mildly amused voice
over the intercom, "this time you can try your hand at hovering".
Great!
The start of the circuit was pretty standard,
but as we swept around the curving base leg, the airspeed numbers
in the HUD continued their inexorable descent towards zero as Jenx
gradually rotated the nozzles down to the 'hover' setting of 81,
while simultaneously adding power. On the left-hand side of the
HUD, the rpm reached 100% and the first side of a hex-sided- geometric
shape appeared. This shows the pilot that the engine is now putting
out almost all its available power, 107% being the absolute maximum.
This can also be augmented by water injection, as the Harrier carries
a 50-gallon water tank enough for 90 seconds.
As we approached the specially marked landing
pad, and slowed to the hover, lurid memories of the grotesque gyrations
that accompanied my previous attempts at hovering a flying machine
(see TP Jan 2001) were not far from my mind. Having done my homework
before the flight, I was also very aware that the Harrier has divergent
directional stability if an intake is blanked by yaw while in the
hover, and also in the low speed range when transitioning to and
from wing-borne flight. In fact, this situation is so serious (it's
a sort of aerial ground loop that almost always ends with a fatal
accident) that the aircraft is fitted with a device that senses
if yaw is starting to develop and shakes the relevant rudder pedal
as a cue for the pilot.
With this in mind, I looked well ahead as
we came to a dead stop in the air and concentrated on keeping the
nose of the jet aligned with a tree in the far distance. The yaw
vane mounted in front of the cockpit twitched once or twice but
otherwise all seemed surprisingly steady as our jet fighter stood
still in the sky, somewhat improbably poised on four columns of
screeching, scorching air. Compared with the extremely twitchy Robinson
R22, I felt that we were rock steady. "Lorraine (my helicopter
instructor) would be proud of me," I thought to myself. Jenx,
however, was not so impressed. "Well don't just sit there,"
he said, "do something with it!" Extremely tentatively,
I eased the stick over to the left, and the Harrier obediently drifted
to port.
"Wow!" I exclaimed, "this is
going to be a lot easier than the helicopter." Stick to the
right and the Harrier hovered gently to starboard as the reaction
jets in the nose, wingtips and tail obeyed the commands of the computer
buried deep somewhere inside the jet. A touch of right pedal and
the nose swung co-operatively to the right. "So far so good"
I mused to myself. "I wonder if I can make it go backwards?"
Stick ever so gently back and umpteen thousands of pounds of jet
fighter obligingly reversed. A sense of tremendous elation suddenly
filled me. BLOODY HELL! I'M HOVERING A HARRIER! (Afterwards of course,
I realised that some very clever people at BAe and Rolls-Royce had
already done all the hard work for me. Indeed, hovering the early
Harriers required a very high degree of skill.)
"OK Dave," said Jenx, "time
to go home." I felt the throttle lever move backwards under
my hand and the rpm numbers started to drop as we slowly sank towards
the ground. Jenx increased power as we neared the ground, both to
reduce our rate of descent and to compensate for the small reduction
in power caused by the Pegasus re-ingesting its own gases. A slight
jolt as we thumped onto the ground Jenx flicked the nozzle lever
forward to avoid burning the tarmac and shut the throttle as the
fuel totaliser clicked over to 1,000lbs remaining. How precise can
you get?
As we trundled back towards the parking
ramp, with Jenx quietly singing to himself, I reviewed the previous
70 minutes. I genuinely felt that, overall, I hadn't done too badly.
However, actually flying the Harrier is a relatively small part
of a Harrier pilot's task. He must also operate a multitude of systems
while navigating at high speed and low level, shoot while being
shoot at and keep track of his jet's voracious thirst for fuel.
In fact, flying the aircraft is probably the easiest bit although,
to be truthful, I still found it pretty hard!
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| Statistics and Contacts |
DIMENSIONS |
| Length |
51ft
9in |
15.79m |
| Height |
13ft
5in |
4.09m |
| Wingspan |
30ft
4in |
9.25m |
| Wing
Area |
230sq
ft |
21.37m² |
| Aspect ratio |
|
Weights and Loadings
|
| Empty
weight |
17,020lb |
7,727kg |
| Max
AUW |
32,000lb |
14,515kg |
| Useful
load |
14,980lb |
6788kg |
| Wing
loading |
139.13lb/ft² |
679.3kg/m² |
| Power
loading |
1.49lb/lb |
152kg/kN |
| Fuel
capacity (Internal) |
7,200lb |
3,269kg |
| (with External Tanks) |
14,969lb |
6,790kg
|
Performance |
| Vne |
550kts |
1019km/h
|
| Cruise |
420knots |
778km/h |
| Climb
rate |
4,000ft/min |
20m/s |
| Service
ceiling |
43,000ft |
13,106m |
Engine
Rolls-Royce Pegasus Mk.105 vectored
thrust turbofan, fitted with a Lucas
digital engine control system and
producing 21,500lb st (95.6kN)
Manufacturer
BAe / Mc Donneel Douglas (Boeing)
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March
2 0 0 2
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This article appeared in the March
2002 issue of Today's Pilot.
The April issue is now out of
print, if you would like to order a copy of this article
please contact our mail order department.
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