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The pre-flight checks are essentially the
same as for the 20, with the biggest differences from most light
aircraft being the complete absence of mechanical trimmers (trim
in all three axes is purely electric) and the single power control,
instead of separate throttle and prop levers. As on the 20, the
sidesticks are mounted on square tubes that are installed in such
a way that an edge is on top. Marked on top of the tubes are the
take-off trim positions for both elevators and ailerons, making
it very easy to see that the aircraft is correctly trimmed for take-off.
Rudder trim is displayed by a small analogue gauge mounted next
to the flap switch; with the rocker switch for the trimmer mounted
within the gauge.
The power checks are also very simple. Firstly,
the power lever is smoothly advanced until it hits a detent. Initially
the rpm should be steadily increasing until the lever reaches the
detent, at which point it should reduce by around 100rpm. This indicates
that the control link to the hydraulic constant speed unit and the
CSU itself are functioning correctly.
Having ensured that the aircraft was correctly
configured for the take-off (flap position is indicated by three
small lights next to the flap-shaped lever) and having received
clearance from the tower, I rolled out onto the runway and smoothly
pushed the throttle lever through the detent to the stop. Exactly
how the single power lever converts the engine's 310 horses into
thrust is actually quite interesting. As the power lever is advanced,
manifold pressure increases while the prop rpm stabilises at 2,500.
As the lever goes through the detent, the manifold pressure stays
at the maximum permitted value, although the propeller speed increases
by another 200 rpm. To an interested listener, it does rather sound
as if the pilot is being ham-fisted with the prop control, but the
system actually works very well. Cirrus Design, I take off my flying
helmet to you.
At 310hp, the Continental IO-550 provides
in excess of 50% more power than the IO-360 fitted to the SR20,
and while I knew that a 50% power increase would only raise the
cruise speed by about 10%, I was confident that the take-off and
climb performance would be vastly improved.
My assumption proved to be correct. Although
we were well below the maximum take-off weight, and the outside
air temperature was well above the 15°C of an International
Standard Atmosphere day. Nevertheless, the acceleration was very
impressive and we were soon rapidly approaching the rotation speed
of 70 knots.
Initially the SR22 required a couple of dabs
of right brake to track the centreline, but as the airspeed began
to build and the rudder came alive, I found that the rudder alone
was more than adequate. As the needle of the ASI swept briskly through
70 knots, a hint of back pressure on the sidestick lifted the nosewheel
off the runway, and this was quickly followed by the mainwheels.
As the ASI swept past 80, I clicked the single-slotted flaps 'up'
and trimmed slightly forward. The best rate of climb at sea level
is achieved at 101 knots, but I chose to use a target airspeed of
120 knots in order to reduce our deck angle and thereby increase
forward visibility. Even flying at airspeeds some 20 knots faster
than the optimum speed, I was still impressed to see the VSI indicating
in excess of 1,400ft/min, but to be fair we were several hundred
pounds below gross weight.
When testing a new flying machine I generally
try to spend most of the flight evaluating it for the purpose for
which it was designed. The Cirrus SR22 has been specifically designed
to go places, so with this in mind as soon as we were clear of Fort
Lauderdale I began looking at the aircraft's cruise performance.
Firstly, I pre-selected an altitude of 5,500ft and turned the autopilot
on. With robot-like precision the autopilot quickly took us up to
altitude and levelled off. I then eased the power lever back until
the rpm fell to 2,500 and noted our True Airspeed and fuel flow.
These were 180 knots and 15 Imperial gallons an hour respectively,
which, bearing in mind that this aircraft does not have the benefit
of a retractable undercarriage, is exceptionally good. Despite the
rather bumpy conditions caused by a surprisingly convective air
mass, the autopilot coped well and the ride remained very comfortable.
However, while the S-Tec autopilot may well be a better pilot than
me, its writing ability is inevitably found wanting, so having assured
myself that the SR22 was indeed as capable a tourer as Gary had
claimed it to be, I disconnected the autopilot and resumed control.
While we still had plenty of speed, I examined the aircraft's speed
stability, and noted that from a 20 knot displacement it regained
its trimmed speed after two long wavelength-low amplitude phugoids.
As befits a good touring machine, it has impressive
speed stability. Slowing down to explore the slow side of the envelope
took a while, as the airframe is so slippery, so I amused myself
with some steep turns. The SR22 benefits from very well-harmonised
controls, while the aileron-rudder interconnect ensures that all
but the steepest of turns requires no input via the rudder pedals
at all. Visibility throughout the turn, and indeed during every
stage of the flight, is outstanding. The aircraft is also very easy
to fly in trim (the electric trims are well geared) and once the
aircraft is in trim, flying is more a case of applying control pressures,
not actual movements. It is a very pleasant and easy machine to
fly.
A look at the SR22's behaviour at the stall
revealed that it is relatively vigorous flaps up, although far from
unpleasant. With either take-off (17°) or landing (34°)
flap selected its stall behaviour was far more docile. Indeed, in
a more realistic accidental stall-type situation, the stall is a
total non-event. The horn starts its warning wail a good ten knots
before the wing finally and reluctantly stops flying, while simply
reducing the back pressure soon got the wing flying again. At this
point, Gary took control and demonstrated a classic 'base-to-final'
stall. As the Cirrus sank deep into the stall, Gary moved the sidestick
from side-to-side and the wings rocked obligingly conclusive proof
that the various aerodynamic refinements built into the wing do
actually work. The wing was definitely stalled, but the ailerons
still retained total control authority.
As we raced back towards Fort Lauderdale's very busy airspace, the
Skywatch system came into its own, indicating traffic before either
I or Gary had spotted it. Approach handed us off to the tower, who
promptly informed us that they were "very busy with multiple
airliner arrivals and could we please keep our speed up?" "Ahh
roger" replied Gary confidently as he indicated to me to push
the throttle forward, "we're increasing speed to 170 knots."
Almost immediately, the tower came straight back with a slightly
incredulous "say again aircraft type". "November
eight-oh-eight Charlie Delta is a Cirrus SR22", he replied,
with just a hint of pride in his voice.
At 1,500 feet, with 4 miles to run, the tower
cleared us to land. Now, as we were still indicating 170 knots,
I thought that slowing down might be a bit of a problem. However,
Gary suggested bringing the power right back, while holding our
altitude. As the speed bled back below 120, he called for the first
stage of flap, and this was rapidly followed by the second stage
as the speed reduced below 100. We still had 85 as we passed over
the fence, which was about 5 knots too quick. However, with around
10,000 feet of runway in front of us, there was always going to
be plenty of room, and with just a squeeze of back pressure, the
mainwheels squeaked onto the tarmac gratifyingly smoothly. Even
Gary conceded that as landings go, it was incredibly smooth, but
then I suppose after thumping a Tomcat onto the deck of a carrier
for a living, most landings seem smooth. (Although, even if I do
say so myself, it really was a beauty!)
One fascinating facet of the SR22 is that
it is an all-electric aeroplane. Unlike just about every other GA
aircraft, there is no vacuum system electricity being used to spin
the gyros for the artificial horizon, turn and slip and heading
indicator. Having all the gyros spun by electricity, obviously requires
a high degree of redundancy, and Cirrus has addressed this superbly.
Firstly, there is two of everything. Two buses, two batteries and
two alternators. The main system is powered by a 60 amp, 28-volt
alternator that also charges both batteries. In the event of some
kind of malfunction of the primary system, the secondary 20 amp
alternator only charges the secondary battery. In the extremely
unlikely event of a double alternator failure and the primary battery
totally discharging, the secondary battery powers the flight instruments
and selected avionics via the secondary bus. By selectively turning
off all unnecessary electrics, I imagine that the secondary battery
would easily last long enough to divert to an airfield.
I was also pleased to hear that both alternators are now gear-driven.
This has got to be a good move away from the belt-driven alternators,
which really do belong in the last century, at least as far as flying
machines are concerned. The reasons for Cirrus favouring an all-electric
system (apart from the fact that vacuum systems have always been
unreliable, at least when compared to electric systems) can be answered
in one acronym FADEC. Continental has been experimenting with Full
Authority Digital Engine Control for piston engines for some time
now, and if this system is to be accepted by the world's regulatory
aviation authorities, then a high degree of electrical redundancy
is always going to be required. Another obvious advantage to having
such a high level of redundancy is that it opens the door to an
'all glass cockpit' and also provides plenty of power for electric
anti-ice systems.
I had been very favourably impressed
by the SR20, and even more so by the SR22. Not only is it extremely
quick for a fixed-undercarriage aircraft, but it is also exceptionally
easy to fly. Indeed, as Gary and I walked away from the aircraft,
he joked that a pilot who had been trained to fly only on Cirrus
aircraft would need additional training to fly most other aircraft,
as the Cirrus is so easy to fly.
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| Statistics and Contacts |
DIMENSIONS |
| Length |
26ft
|
7.92m |
| Height |
9ft
2in |
2.8m |
| Wingspan |
38ft
6in |
11.73m |
| Wing
Area |
144.9
sq ft |
13.46m² |
| Aspect ratio |
10:2 |
Weights and Loadings
|
| Empty
weight |
2,250lb |
1,021kg |
| Max
AUW |
3,400lb |
1,542kg |
| Useful
load |
1,150lb |
521kg |
| Wing
loading |
23.46lb/ft² |
114.6kg/m² |
| Power
loading |
10.97lb/hp |
6.68kg/kW |
| Fuel
capacity |
66.6
Imp gal |
303
litre |
| Baggage
capacity |
130lb |
59kg |
Performance |
| Vne |
204kts |
378km/h |
| Cruise |
180kts |
333km/h |
| Stall
|
59kts |
110km/h |
| Climb
rate |
1,400ft/min |
7.1m/s |
| Service
ceiling |
17,000ft |
5,182m |
| Range |
1,000nm |
1,852km
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(with
45 minutes reserve) |
ENGINE
Teledyne-Continental IO-550-N air-cooled flat six
producing 310hp (231kW) at 2,700rpm.
PROPELLER
Hartzell three-blade constant speed.
MANUFACTURER
CIRRUS DESIGN CORPORATION
4515 Taylor Circle, Duluth International Airport, Duluth,
Minnesota
EUROPEAN AGENT
GENERAL ENTERPRISES BV
Machlaan 20, 9761 TK Eelde, Netherlands
PHONE: +31 50 309 6060
FAX:+31 50 309 6090
E-MAIL: Sales@ general-enterprises.com
WEB: www.general-enterprises.com
UK SALES REPRESENTATIVE
DUSTIN DRYDEN
PHONE: 01865-841 913
FAX: 01865-841 958
E-MAIL: dustin@aviationsolutions.fsnet.co.uk
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May
2 0 0 2
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This article appeared in the May
2002 issue of Today's Pilot.
The April issue is now out of
print, if you would like to order a copy of this article
please contact our mail order department.
Tel: +44(0)1780 480404
Fax: +44 (0)1780 757812
email: orders@keypublishing.com
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